LANGUAGE ARTS

LANGUAGE ARTS

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LISTENING AND SPEAKING CORNER

GRAMMAR

1.PAST TENSE

The past tense in English is used:

• to talk about the past
• to talk about hypotheses – things that are imagined rather than true.
• for politeness.

There are four past tense forms in English:

Past simple:	I worked
Past continuous:	I was working
Past perfect:	I had worked
Past perfect continuous:	I had been working

We use these forms:

• to talk about the past:

He worked at McDonald’s. He had worked there since July..
He was working at McDonald’s. He had been working since July.

• to refer to the present or future in conditions:

He could get a new job if he really tried.
If Jack was playing they would probably win.

and hypotheses:

It might be dangerous. Suppose they got lost.
I would always help someone who really needed help.

and wishes:

I wish it wasn’t so cold.

• In conditions, hypotheses and wishes, if we want to talk about the past, we always use the past perfect:

I would have helped him if he had asked.
It was very dangerous, What if you had got lost?
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.

• We can use the past forms to talk about the present in a few polite expressions:

Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for York.
I just hoped you would be able to help me.

2.PRESENT TENSE

The present tenses in English are used:

• to talk about the present
• to talk about the future
• to talk about the past when we are telling a story in spoken English or when we are summarising a book, film, play etc.

There are four present tense forms in English:

Present simple:	I work
Present continuous:	I am working
Present perfect:	I have worked
Present perfect continuous:	I have been working

We use these forms:

• to talk about the present:

He works at McDonald’s. He has worked there for three months now.
He is working at McDonald’s. He has been working there for three months now.
London is the capital of Britain.

• to talk about the future:

The next train leaves this evening at 1700 hours.
I’ll phone you when I get home.
He’s meeting Peter in town this afternoon.
I’ll come home as soon as I have finished work.
You will be tired out after you have been working all night.

• We can use the present tenses to talk about the past...

VOCABULARY CORNER

Steps of Writing

Quick Tips

INTRODUCTION

1. Study the stimulus / pictures given
2. Read the keywords given and get the overall idea of the story
3. Find the main character and other characters
4. Ask 'wh' questions Who?/What?/Where?/Why?
5. Recognize the place/situation
6. Write one paragraph 

CONTENTS

1. Recognise / Identify the nouns and verbs related to the pictures
2. Write the verbs in the verb column in the sentence table
3. Write the content in one or two paragraphs
4. Put adverbs, adjectives, similes, proverbs, collective nouns to make your sentences more interesting

CLOSURE

1. Write about feelings, hopes, lesson learnt from the story
2. Write in one paragraph 

Important Tips

•  Tenses - Simple present tense, present continious tense, simple past tense, simple future tense
• Spelling - (none)
• Punctuation - Upper case, lower case, full stop, comma, etc
• Infinitive to - To eat, to buy, to read, etc
• Linking words - Next, finally, then, etc

Suitable vocabulary

• Adjectives - A big house
• Similes - As beautiful as the rainbow
• Proverbs - Practice makes perfect
• Idioms - Apple of the eye
• Phrasal verbs - Taken aback
• Collective nouns - A bouquet of flowers